Contents
Assessment of Cement Raw Materials
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Why assess raw materials?
- Judge suitability for cement manufacturing
- Allow selection of suitable equipment and processes
- Criteria
-Chemical composition to conform with cement requirement
-Handling and comminution properties
-Burning behaviour
- Determined by
-Chemical composition
-Mineralogical composition
-Petrographical properties
Assessment of Raw Materials Based on Chemical Characteristics
Raw Materials for the Cement Industry
Main Components
-Calcareous
-Argillaceous
-Cement Stone
Corrective Materials
-C, S, A, F rich Materials
Additive Materials
-Gypsum
-Fly-Ash
-Pozzolan
-Slag
-Mineralizer
Chemical Composition
Classification of Calcareous Components
Classification of Argillaceous Components
Corrective Materials
Effects of Minor Elements
Effects of Environmentally Relevant Compounds
Assessment of Raw Materials Based on Mineralogical Characteristics :
Mineral
-Minerals are the physically and chemically homogeneous, naturally occurring solid components of the earth.
There are about 4000 mineral species known.
Minerals are crystalline.
Crystal
-Crystals are homogeneous solids, in which the atoms are arranged in a regularly repeating pattern.
Rock
-Rocks are aggregates of minerals.
Mineralogical Composition of Raw Mixes:
Mineralogical Composition of Raw Mixes
Properties of Clay Minerals
Sheet Structure: Presence of interlayered exchangeable ions and water
Exploitation Methods
Preparation, Handling Stickiness, Coating
Slurry Properties Water Content, Rheology
Raw Meal Properties Moisture Content, Nodulisability
Burning Behaviour Burnability
Mineral Content, Grain Size
Reactivity of Minerals, Coating,
Dust Formation,Volatility of Alkalis
Special Products Expansion Properties
Hardness of abundant minerals (Mohs)
Assessment of Raw Materials Based on Petrographic Characteristics:
Rock Characteristics
- Mineral Assemblage: Types of minerals present
- Texture and Structure
-Spacial distribution of minerals
-Form of minerals
-Size distribution of minerals and pores
-Orientation of minerals and pores
- Consolidation
Physical Rock Properties
- Density and Porosity
- Water Absorption, Moisture
- Compressive Strength
- Elasticity
- Cleavability
- Hardness
- Crushability
- Abrasivity
- Grindability
- Reactivity under increasing temperature
Raw Materials Assessment – Summary
- Chemical Composition
-Main classes of raw materials?
-Main elements?
-Most critical minor elements
- Chemical Composition
-Main classes of raw materials?
-Main elements?
-Most critical minor elements
- Rock Properties
-Technical properties related to mineralogical composition, grain size, porosity, and solidification of a rock?
if you have any questions
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