Download Designing Green Cement Plants Book by S. P. Deolalkar

The cement industry makes a substantial contribution to the production of Green House Gases (GHG). In sustainable development, emphasis is also on conservation of exhaustible fossil fuels. The cement industry has been exploring possibilities of co-processing alternate fuels (AF) from this angle.

Wastes of many types, from a great many sources, have useful calorific values and could be used to substitute main fuels to a great extent. High temperatures in kiln and calciner, and sufficiently long retention times, ensure complete combustion of alternate fuels in them. Cement plants are, therefore, ideally suited to use a great variety of AFs by way of co-processing.

AFs come from multiple sources—industrial, agricultural, and urban by way of municipal solid wastes (MSW). Agricultural wastes are carbon neutral also, that is, CO₂ produced by their combustion has already been accounted for. Properties of AFs in terms of calorific value, grain size, moisture, etc., vary greatly for different types, different sources, and also from the same source. Almost all wastes need to be processed to make them suitable for firing in a kiln and/or in a calciner.

In some countries, thermal rates of substitution (TSR) are already as high as 40%. The world’s average is, however, much lower. Cement plants have to make arrangements for procuring, storing, processing, and feeding AFs, in addition to the regular fossil fuel in use.

The main problems are continuity of availability, consistency in quality, and the extensive pre-processing required to be done. The cement industry would prefer to receive pre-processed AFs of consistent quality and in the required quantity on a continuous basis. For this to happen, considerable infrastructure needs to be developed. That co-processing AFs is feasible and economical has been proved beyond doubt. Pay back periods are also short.

Quality control needs to be done at a great many stages to ensure that the AF is not rejected when it reaches point of use. Many AFs have elements, compounds like chlorine, heavy metals, dioxins etc., in excess that can cause problems in the operation of cement kilns. It may become necessary to install a bypass system on the kiln under such conditions.

It is necessary to obtain permissions to begin to use AFs, and to conduct full-scale trials under the supervision of Pollution Control Boards. Hazardous wastes have special problems in transporting, storing, and using them. MSWs have problems related to consistency in quality. Considerable research is needed to ascertain quality, usefulness, and processing required to be done on the variety of AFs coming from a myriad sources.

Alternative Raw materials (AR) are those that can substitute limestone—the main constituent—and constituents like clay, sand, iron ore, etc. They can come from the paper industry, aluminum industry, foundries, and the like.

To Download the Ebook please click here 

if you need any help please send email to info@cementequipment.org

To Download the Ebook please click here 

if you need any help please send email to info@cementequipment.org

Cement production is known to be a polluting and energy-intensive industry. Cement plants account for 5 percent of global emissions of carbon dioxide and one of the main causes of global warming. However, cement it is literally the glue of progress. Designing Green Cement Plantsprovides the tools and techniques for designing new large cement plants that would promote sustainable growth, preserve natural resources to the maximum possible extent and make least possible additions to the Greenhouse Gases that cause global warming.

Brief and but authoritative, this title embraces new technologies and methods such as Carbon Capture and Sequestration, as well as methods for harnessing renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. The author also discusses the efficient use of energy and materials through the use recycling. In addition, this book also examines thepossibilities of developing green cement substitutes such as Calera, Caliix, Novacem, Aether and Geopolymer cements.

• Includes the tools and methods for reducing the emissions of greenhouse Gases
• Explores technologies such as: carbon capture and storage and substitute cements
• Provides essential data to determining the unique factors involved in designing large new green cement plants
• Includes interactive excel spreadsheets
• Methods for preforming a cost benefits analysis for the production of green cements as opposed to conventional OPC

To Download the Ebook please click here 

if you need any help please send email to info@cementequipment.org