To download the below  and all other Useful Books and calculations Excel sheets please click here 

To download the below  and all other Useful Books and calculations Excel sheets please click here 

Miscellaneous Formulas

Ideal Gas Conversion

The formula below is used to convert volumes of ideal gases from normal conditions (0°C, 1’013 mbar) to the volumes Vactat actual gas conditions (T, p) in the process.

Barometric Pressure

The average barometric pressure p at a plant altitude (above sea level) can be calculated using the following approximation formula.

Air Inleakage through Holes and Apertures

Air leakage through apertures (e.g. kiln inlet seal, kiln hood) can be calculated with the Bernoulli equation:

For ambient conditions of around 20°C and 1 bar (air density of 1.19 kg/m3) theabove formula can be simplified as:

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